Estudios sobre El Poder. Revista de Ciencia Política

Índice

Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Equipo Editorial

Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

La Unidad Ejecutora de la Revista es el Gabinete de Estudios en Investigaciones en Ciencias Políticas (GEICPO) del Departamento de Ciencias Políticas, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de San Juan (FACSO-UNSJ).

Editorial

Daniel Inojosa Bravo, Valeria Gamboa — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Nos es grato presentar el primer número de Estudios sobre El Poder. Revista de Ciencia
Política, publicación del Departamento de Ciencias Políticas dependiente de la Facultad de
Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de San Juan.

Prólogo del Dossier

Mónica Veramendi Pont, Alberto Caballero — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Los primeros 40 años de democracia ininterrumpida en nuestro país (1983 – 2023), exigen
una reflexión desde la politología que supere las diferencias, antagonismos y
enfrentamientos ideológicos. La experiencia de cuatro décadas de régimen democrático es
el logro no solo de un sector político, de un grupo económico o de un movimiento social, sino
de toda una sociedad que con aciertos y errores en el camino sigue convencida de que la
democracia es la mejor manera de vivir en una comunidad políticamente organizada.

Periodize the democratic cycle

Ezequiel Román Berlochi — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 19:21:36 +0000

The present work search to reflex about the longer democratic cycle to the Argentina’s history. For that we establish four periods for analyze: 1)1983-1990 democratic construction period, 2) 1991-2000 the 90 years, consolidation of the democracy and reforms, 3) 2001-2007 crisis and reconfiguration of the State and 4) 2007-actualitiy preeminence of the political. We are looking to analyze from the sociohistoric perspective ruptures and continuities about the changes that have occurred at the level of political representation throughout this democratic cycle. Especially we will reference to the metamorphosis process and the representation crisis with their consequents mutations principally in the political parties system, their relations with the economic crisis and the reactions of the social civility. In the odder hand, also we will study the political identities that were making in the period, their transformations and incidence into the political camp. In that way, we aspire to build a global vision of the historical cycle that help us to understand the evolution of argentine policy in the last decade. To this end, the main milestones since the democratic recovery are reviewed, examining the reconstruction of the party system, and then analyzing the crisis it has gone through these 40 years.

Analysis of the Factors Driving the Progressive Emergence of New Right-Wing Movements in Argentina

Javier Carri, Alberto Antonio Emilio Galle — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 19:46:05 +0000

The purpose of this article is to analyze the path for which the neoliberal political current rises to power in Argentina. This rise went through several significant stages. In the first instance, all started through a government putsch in 1976 when, with military force, the army heads burst onto the national political scene. Subsequently, in a second stage, neoliberal policies are established and consolidated during the two presidential terms of Carlos Menem, who accesses the chair through democratic means using the political structure of the Peronist party. The last two phases took place in the 21st century: first, in 2015 when the Cambiemos political coalition brings Mauricio Macri to the presidency, who wins the elections with a moderate liberal and reformist speech. Finally, in 2023, Javier Milei comes to power, allied with former president Macri, presenting himself as a radical counterpoint to Peronism. His campaign strategy is characterized by his marked confrontation against the status quo, promoting a supposed "anti-politics" project and adopting the slogans of neolibertarian movement. In his speech, Milei flirts between the idea of anarchy-capitalism and elements associated with the authoritarianism of an ultra-capitalism with shades close to contemporary fascism.

Notion of State and community in peronist political thought forty years after the arrival of democracy

Noel Bazzetti — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 20:59:51 +0000

The Peronist political project was not only a concrete historical experience in Argentina, but also gave rise to numerous conceptual developments, especially in political theory. Through a hermeneutic perspective, this article addresses the theoretical constructions of Peronist political thought that refer fundamentally to its notions of State, community and individual, with the purpose of knowing if it is possible to find in this political expression elements of a theory of the State, if it is possible to speak of a Peronist State and how it differs from other state forms, such as the liberal or the Marxist. To this end, we analyze the works written by Juan Domingo Perón as one of its greatest exponents, taking into account the national and international historical circumstances of war and post-war. We consider that Perón's conceptual elaborations not only make up a political theoretical body, but also
correspond to state, semi-state institutional forms, which express the efforts to translate into reality that political project. Moreover, these conceptual elaborations offer a key distinctive note that invites us to think of a social democracy different from the liberal paradigm: the notion of Organized Community. This work may be of contemporary interest and importance since it refers to the permanent tension between the individual and the community. In this sense, it intends to contribute to the updating of contemporary theoretical-political debates, which acquire validity in the face of the current return of individualistic and radicalized neoliberal theses in our country, which stress the forms of community life proposed by Peronism.

Libertarian thought

Federico Alejandro Orihuela Quiroga — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 20:40:09 +0000

The present study aims to analyze the main theoretical categories of libertarian thought in their relationship with democracy and the State. For this, the first part will be marked by the significance and foundation around the conception of property, as well as the research and discussion of its main thinkers on central topics such as freedom and coercion. Subsequently, it will be necessary to understand not only the substantial theoretical differences between classical liberalism and libertarianism, but also the paleolibertarian current, which emerged in the 90s. Then, we will analyze the libertarian concept, and the implications it has for life in society, as well as the paradigm shift in the duties and rights of citizenship that this thought proposes. Finally, we will work on the concepts of State and democracy from minarchist and libertarian anarcho-capitalist theory, understanding them as antagonistic to the ways in which the political, legal and social structure of the Argentine Republic is organized. This acquires special importance, since, after 40 years of interrupted democracy, the Argentine nation is commanded by a government that professes said liberal-libertarian doctrine, and that, paradoxically to its thinking, assumes power through the constitutional mechanisms that it questions. In relation to this discordance, we will expose certain anarcho-capitalist experiences that the current government administration uses to carry out its program, for which we will observe that the current theoretical criteria used by said administration are not revolutionary, but rather resignations of models already implemented in history.

El The La Bebida landfill: from problem to integrative solution.

Alejandro Astorga, Walter Moreno — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 20:53:57 +0000

The socio-environmental problem of the La Bebida Landfill, located in the Rivadavia department, San Juan, Argentina, is presented. An outline is made of its historical evolution and the precarious settlement on Pellegrini Street associated with it. The different strategies carried out by the successive governments of the Province of San Juan are explained, especially at the beginning of the 21st century. It was understood that the solution to the Landfill problem had to contemplate the inhabitants of the Pellegrini Street settlement to constitute an integrative solution from a social and economic point of view applying a State Policy.

The solution to the problem was addressed by the competent authorities, projecting a future called “San Juan Environmental Complex”, made up of an Environmental Technologies park; an environmental studies center: Anchipurac and a Regional Environmental Technological Industrial Park: PITAR. The Ministry of the Environment began by carrying out a comprehensive census of the Pellegrini Street settlement to try to ensure that the majority of its male inhabitants could join as workers in the different parts of the San Juan Environmental Complex. The previous activity allowed a beneficial social impact to occur among the inhabitants of the settlement in different dimensions: work, health and education.

Deleuze in the confines of political philosophy: is there a Deleuzian political philosophy?

Martín Masciardi Recabarren — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 20:54:56 +0000

This article deals with one of the crucial themes of Deleuzian philosophy: the political question in the work of Gilles Deleuze. This is a topic still open to discussion. In the prolific field of study on the political question in Deleuze's philosophy, the possibility of determining a specific criterion of the political has been addressed by different commentators. Such is the case, for example, of Badiou, Žižek and Mengue, who have attributed to him an ethics, an aesthetics and a reflexive philosophy on late capitalism, but have denied him belonging to the field of political philosophy. Other divergent perspectives have dealt with the issue by rethinking the macro-political aspects of Deleuze's philosophy, thus dodging the problem of a political ontology, focusing on other variables, such as the form-state, the problem of sovereignty, law, the question of war, raciality and colonialism. A general look at these materials seems to confirm our initial assertion: the problem of determining the specificity of the political in Deleuze is not a closed issue. For these reasons, we consider it necessary to take up the challenge and the polemic to which Deleuzian studies have been summoned: would there be such a thing as a politics in Deleuze? To answer this challenge we need to situate the problem and discuss it in the very context in which it arises: political philosophy.

Modulations of Punitive Power: Criminal Justice Reforms and the Expansion of the Power to Punish

Sonia Silvana Torti, Juan Bautista Sánchez — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 21:07:08 +0000

In this article, we aim to analyze the transformations in the administration of criminal justice within the general framework of the modernization process of the security and crime control apparatus in the province of San Juan. Our province was not immune to the judicial reforms driven by multilateral credit organizations for all of Latin America with the declared purpose of strengthening the democracies of these countries. The arguments put forth to justify these reforms at the local level lose weight and credibility when contrasted with the immediate consequences of their implementation. The analysis of the reasons stated over three decades exposes the instrumental logics that guide this process. This examination allows us to observe the legal and institutional mutations, both internal and external to the spaces of criminal justice, and to observe the consequences of these transformations in relation to a potential violation of minimum constitutional guarantees that must be preserved during the development of a criminal process. The way in which the reforms have been implemented impacts other external areas of action beyond the justice system itself and shift to police and penitentiary spaces, causing direct consequences on the lives and rights of individuals subjected to penal control, hence the importance of its study.

“Xi Jinping in charge: Political, Economic and Cultural Reforms in Contemporary China”

Mauro Jesús Doña López — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 21:17:09 +0000

The political system of the People's Republic of China (PRC) has evolved throughout history influenced by historical, cultural and ideological factors. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has been instrumental in shaping a unique political regime that has guided the country's destiny. From the Opium Wars to the Chinese Revolution and the founding of the PRC in 1949, China has experienced critical moments that have left an indelible mark on its political structure.

This work analyzes the key characteristics of the Chinese political regime and its institutional structures. It highlights the changes from Mao Zedong's leadership to the economic opening led by Deng Xiaoping, but focuses especially on Xi Jinping's rise to power, marking the transition to the fifth generation of CCP leaders in 2012. Xi Jinping has implemented a careful political strategy and has consolidated loyalties within the party. Since his rise to power, he has addressed the challenges China faces due to its rapid economic development, positioning it as a global power. Xi has set priorities for a more influential and active China in international geopolitics, driving reforms in political, economic, social, cultural and educational areas.

For a better understanding, the work is divided into four parts: the first part contains the introduction and the methodological aspects of the research; the second part contains the analysis of the structure of the Chinese political system and the rise to power of the fifth generation of leaders. The third part focuses on the economic and social changes in China during Xi Jinping's first term and the strategies used to consolidate his foreign policy. Finally, in the fourth part we will find the cultural transformations that were promoted by the president, starting with the internal discipline of the Party up to the diffusion of the ancient Chinese culture to the rest of the world.

Farris, Sara (2021). En nombre de los derechos de las mujeres. El auge del feminacionalismo. Madrid: Traficantes de sueños. Pp. 311.

Hernán Videla — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 20:27:16 +0000

Sara Farris explora en su libro una investigación detallada sobre las políticas migratorias y feministas en Europa. Originalmente publicado en inglés, analiza la crisis del Estado de bienestar y el crecimiento del nacionalismo introduciendo términos como "femócratas" y "feminacionalismo" que critican las instancias y modalidades en que el neoliberalismo manipula una retórica feminista para oprimir a las mujeres musulmanas. Sostiene que las feministas en Europa, al enfocar su lucha en el Islam, también desvían la atención de las opresiones patriarcales en Occidente lo que puede perjudicar su propia causa. Con un enfoque que abarca el periodo entre 2000 y 2013 en Países Bajos, Italia y Francia, Farris examina discursos políticos y movimientos feministas revelando una retórica antiislámica que los sustenta desde su oposición a la inmigración. La obra resalta cómo las políticas neoliberales y las ideologías conservadoras perpetúan la explotación de mujeres inmigrantes enfatizando la importancia de considerar interseccionalmente género, clase y etnicidad. Sin dudas, Farris ofrece un marco teórico significativo para entender las dinámicas sociales actuales.

Walter Benjamin, messianic sentry: to the left of the possible. Daniel Bensaïd (author). The silver bowl. Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. 2021. 288 page.

Santiago Agustin Pereyra Nouveliere — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 20:28:19 +0000

El título de esta obra corresponde a una de las primeras traducciones del francés al español, realizada por la traductora Alcira Bixio y publicada por la editorial ‘El cuenco de plata’. Su título original es ‘Walter Benjamin, sentinelle messianique’, publicado en el año 2010, coincidiendo con el fallecimiento del autor en ese mismo año, bajo la editorial ‘Les Prairies ordinaires’

Democracia artificial

Tue, 29 Apr 2025 20:24:21 +0000

The purpose of this article is to explore the possibilities and limits of exercising democracy in a scenario where Artificial Intelligence (AI) has obtained a leading role. Throughout history, new technologies have been developed that have represented a break in different ways of life. AI belongs to this set of innovations and constitutes the perfect exemplification of an innovation that progressed at great speed while importing an influence on human life, modifying everything from the way humans work, relate, and express themselves, to the way political decisions are made. The importance of analyzing the vicious circle expressed in the algorithm, advertising, and consumption lies in the need to understand the transformations occurring in reality, which are evident in the social, political, and economic order, and even in the constitution of individuals. This motivates the study of the likelihood that these new forms and practices could alter the nature and current conception of democracy. For this reason, after a brief historical account, we will explore the implications and aspects, both positive and negative, of the emergence of AI in democracy, as well as the challenges and opportunities it creates.